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Differential psychology
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Differential psychology : ウィキペディア英語版
Differential psychology

Differential psychology studies the ways in which individuals differ in their behavior and the processes that underlie it. This is distinguished from other aspects of psychology in that although psychology is ostensibly a study of individuals, modern psychologists often study groups or biological underpinnings of cognition.
For example, in evaluating the effectiveness of a new therapy, the mean performance of the therapy in one treatment group might be compared to the mean effectiveness of a placebo (or a well-known therapy) in a second, control group. In this context, differences between individuals in their reaction to the experimental and control manipulations are actually treated as errors rather than as interesting phenomena to study.
This is because psychological research depends upon statistical controls that are only defined upon groups of people. Individual difference psychologists usually express their interest in individuals while studying groups by seeking dimensions shared by all individuals but upon which individuals differ.
==Importance of individual differences==
Individual differences are essential whenever we wish to explain how
individuals differ in their behavior. In any study, significant
variation exists between individuals. Reaction time, preferences,
values, and health-linked behaviors are just a few examples. Individual
differences in factors such as personality, intelligence,
memory, or physical factors such as body size, sex, age, and other
factors can be studied and used in understanding this large source of
variance. Importantly, individuals can also differ not only in their
current state, but in the magnitude or even direction of response to a
given stimulus. Such phenomena, often
explained in terms of inverted-U response curves,
place differential psychology at an important location in such
endeavours as personalized medicine, in which diagnoses are
customised for an individual's response profile.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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